Canine Influenza Virus

Shedding of the virus by an infected dog begins before the clinical signs are noted and, on average, will last 5 days. The virus is spread by aerosol transmission of respiratory secretions via sneezing or coughing. Direct contact with the respiratory secretions or contact with freshly contaminated surfaces will also serve as a source of exposure.

Being a relatively new virus, most dogs have never been exposed to CIV (canine influenza virus). They therefore lack natural or aquired (from previous exposure or vaccination) immunity to protect them from the virus. Consequently, most dogs exposed to the virus are likely to develop clinical signs of the infection.

Signs of CIV infection typically develop within 2-3 days of virus exposure. The clinical signs of CIV infection are similar but may be more severe to those of 'kennel cough'. Lethargy, anorexia, nasal discharge, low grade fever and a persistant, dry non-productive cough are common clinical manifestions of the illness. Some dogs may develop pneumonia. The presence of secondary bacterial infections can exacerbate the severity of the illness. Cases of severe pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, and death which were noted in early outbreaks of the disease, appear to be uncommon in the pet population.

Treatment is supportive in nature, similar to treatment for 'kennel cough'.

In May 2009 the USDA approved a killed adjuvented whole virus vaccine produced by Intervet. A field trial performed in 700 vaccinated dogs failed to demonstrate any side effects.

Just like the human "flu," canine influenza is highly contagious. In fact, unless a dog has already had the illness and recovered, virtually every dog exposed to the virus will become infected.

Most dogs regardless of breed or age, are at risk for canine influenza. However certain venues and activities can raise your dog's risk of canine influenza virus even higher.

One of the higher risks occur when large numbers of dogs are in close proximity to one another at boarding kennels, dog shows, grooming facilities, etc. In an effort to ensure the health and well being of all our canine patients, RHVH will now require immunization against canine influenza prior to coming in for boarding and grooming.

While the canine influenza vaccine does NOT prevent the virus from infecting a patient, it has been proven to significantly reduce the severity of symptoms associated with influenza and the length of time the dog is sick. With this in mind, this policy will be in effect for all dogs entering the hospital for boarding and grooming. The initial vaccine requires 2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart, followed by annual revaccination.

If you plan on boarding or grooming your dog with us, please call and make an appointment  in advance for the canine influenza vaccine.